28 March 2012
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UK: Civil
Contingencies Bill: Emergency Powers - ancient arbitrary powers
preserved
- Royal
perogative and Privy Council to authorise emergency powers
- Scope of new law extended to protect the government, the state
and financial institutions
The UK government has published a draft Civil Contingencies Bill
together with Explanatory Notes.The Bill would repeal the Emergency
Powrs Acts of 1920 and 1964 and the Civil Protection in Peacetime
Act 1986. The proposal is now open to consultation until 11 September
and responses should be directed to: Civil Contingencies Bill
(Consultation), First Floor, 10 Great George Street, London SW1P
3AE or e-mail: cbill@cabinet-office.x.gsi.gov.uk
The first part of the Bill on Civil Protection is one thing but the second part on Emergency Powers brought the following editorial comment from the Guardian newspaper on 20 June that this represents:
"the greatest threat to civil liberty that any parliament is ever likely to consider"
The original 1920 Act was passed at a time of great political and industrial unrest and gave the goverment draconian powers which can be introduced under the royal prerogative and adopted by "Orders in Council" - that is, by a meeting of any two Privy Counsellors (all cabinet ministers are automatically made Privy Counsellors on appointment). Parliament has to agree new powers adopted but all real power is delegated to government ministers and state officials. The 1964 Act made permanent provisions in wartime Defence (Armed Forces) Regulations 1939 to allow military personnel to replace civilian workers. In 1972 a Civil Contingencies Unit was set up in the Cabinet Offic and when an internal crisis arises it operates through the operational centre known as "COBRA" (Cabinet Office Briefing Room).
The scope of the Bill goes well beyond that of the 1920 Act. This Act was concerned solely with:
"the supply and distribution of food, water, fuel, or light, or with the means of locomotion, to deprive the community, or any substantial portion of the community, of the essentials of life"
The new Bill does include the "essentials of life" for the population (Art 17.1.a) but massively extends the scope under Article 17.1 to:
"(c) the political, administrative or economic stability of the United Kingdom or of a Part or region or (d) the security of the United Kingdom or a Part or region"
Article 17.1.c. is defined in Article 17.4 as covering the "activities of Her Majesty's government", "the performance of public funcions" and "the activities of banks and other financial institutions".
Tony Bunyan, Statewatch editor, comments:
"What is extraordinary is that the government in reviewing an 83 year old law still wants to rely on the ancient powers of the monarch. Moreover it intends to change its purpose from a law to provide the essentials of life for the population to one that also covers the protection of the government, the state and financial institutions.
Most people
will not be aware that under emergency plans put in place in
the late 1970s travel bans can be introduced, food rationed and
all telecommunications cut off under the Telephone Preference
System - the whole of the civilian population can be cut off
from the outside world with no access to phone-calls, e-mails
or the internet at a stroke."
Documentation
1.
The Bill and Explanatory Note: Full-text (pdf)
2. Full-text of the Emergency Powers Acts 1920 and 1964 and the
Civil Protection in Peacetime Act 1986: Full text
3. The origins of the Emergency Powers Acts (EPAs) in the UK
(extract from "The Political Police in Britain"): Origins of the
EPAs
4. Further reading: see: a) The Political Police in Britain by
Tony Bunyan, 1977; b) Troops in Strikes by Steve Peak; c) Emergency
Powers in Peacetime by David Bonner and d) States of Emergency
by Keith Jeffery and Peter Hennessy.
5. 3rd edition of "Dealing with Disaster", Cabinet
Office is on: Disaster (link)
6. Regulatory
impact - Part 1
(link)
7. Regulatory
impact - Part 2
(link)
8. Consultation
document
(pdf) The consultation period has now ended
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